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debug_backtrace> <Error Handling
Last updated: Fri, 10 Oct 2008

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Error Handling Functions

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See also syslog().

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debug_backtrace> <Error Handling
Last updated: Fri, 10 Oct 2008
 
add a note add a note User Contributed Notes
Error Handling Functions
rabNospaMbiz at gmx dot de
19-Mar-2008 05:21
according to mike' logging problem: i had the same behaviour but found another solution: the problem is not the "apache logging folder".
The reason can be found in the open_basedir-directive. The given error_log-path must be included in the open_basedir-pathes. otherwise, all errors will be logged via the SAPI logger and get written in the apache error log.
jbq at caraldi dot com
15-Nov-2007 08:50
Precision about error_log when configured with syslog: the syslog() call is done with severity NOTICE.
mike at stroke7 dot lovehamhatespam dot com
11-Oct-2007 02:53
To add to Stephen's note about logging, I found that if I defined the error_log path to be the Apache error log folder (ie:  /var/log/httpd/php_error_log), it would still log to Apache's log, not the file I defined.

However, as soon as I moved the log to a location outside of the Apache error log folder, Apache obeyed my php.ini setting and began logging to the file I defined (ie: /var/log/php/php_error_log).

Platform: RHEL 4, Apache 2.0.55, PHP 5.2.2
tswaesch
12-Apr-2007 07:51
In Addition to the hint according error_reporting and display_errors in case that there is a global restriction that prevents showing the errors.

I tried the example of "petrov dot michael () gmail com" like this

<?php
ini_set('display_errors','1');
ini_set('display_startup_errors','1');
error_reporting (E_ALL);

include('index.php');

?>

and it works great, but first I tried it without using the "include"-part. I pasted all at the beginning of my index.php and started it. This will NOT work.

Its highly IMPORTANT that the code to prove is included afterwards.

Hope it helps to prevent more #?!@%! errors. :-)=
Stephen
19-Jan-2007 06:29
If you are using PHP as an Apache module, your default behavior may be to write PHP error messages to Apache's error log. This is because the error_log .ini directive may be set equal to "error_log" which is also the name of Apache's error log. I think this is intentional.

However, you can separate Apache errors from PHP errors if you wish by simply setting a different value for error_log. I write mine in the /var/log folder.
petrov dot michael () gmail com
17-Jan-2007 02:11
I have found that on servers that enforce display_errors to be off it is very inconvenient to debug syntax errors since they cause fatal startup errors. I have used the following method to bypass this limitation:

The syntax error is inside the file "syntax.php", therefore I create a file "syntax.debug.php" with the following code:

<?php
error_reporting(E_ALL);
ini_set('display_errors','On');

include('syntax.php');
?>

The 5 line file is guaranteed to be free of errors, allowing PHP to execute the directives within it before including the file which previously caused fatal startup errors. Now those fatal startup errors become run time fatal errors.
mortonda at dgrmm dot net
09-Jan-2007 08:16
Note the example code listed here calls date() every time this is called.   If you have a complex source base which calls the custom error handler often, it can end up taking quite a bit of time.  I ran a profiler on som code and discovered that 50% of the time was spent in the date function in this error handler.
theotek AT nowhere DOT org
04-Aug-2006 10:40
It is totally possible to use debug_backtrace() inside an error handling function. Here, take a look:

<?php
set_error_handler('errorHandler');

function errorHandler( $errno, $errstr, $errfile, $errline, $errcontext)
{
  echo 'Into '.__FUNCTION__.'() at line '.__LINE__.
  "\n\n---ERRNO---\n". print_r( $errno, true).
  "\n\n---ERRSTR---\n". print_r( $errstr, true).
  "\n\n---ERRFILE---\n". print_r( $errfile, true).
  "\n\n---ERRLINE---\n". print_r( $errline, true).
  "\n\n---ERRCONTEXT---\n".print_r( $errcontext, true).
  "\n\nBacktrace of errorHandler()\n".
  print_r( debug_backtrace(), true);
}

function a( )
{
  //echo "a()'s backtrace\n".print_r( debug_backtrace(), true);
  asdfasdf; // oops
}

function b()
{
  //echo "b()'s backtrace\n".print_r( debug_backtrace(), true);
  a();
}

b();
?>

Outputs:

<raw>

Into errorhandler() at line 9

---ERRNO---
8

---ERRSTR---
Use of undefined constant asdfasdf - assumed 'asdfasdf'

---ERRFILE---
/home/theotek/test-1.php

---ERRLINE---
23

---ERRCONTEXT---
Array
(
)

Backtrace of errorHandler()
Array
(
    [0] => Array
        (
            [function] => errorhandler
            [args] => Array
                (
                    [0] => 8
                    [1] => Use of undefined constant asdfasdf - assumed 'asdfasdf'
                    [2] => /home/theotek/test-1.php
                    [3] => 23
                    [4] => Array
                        (
                        )

                )

        )

    [1] => Array
        (
            [file] => /home/theotek/test-1.php
            [line] => 23
            [function] => a
        )

    [2] => Array
        (
            [file] => /home/theotek/test-1.php
            [line] => 30
            [function] => a
            [args] => Array
                (
                )

        )

    [3] => Array
        (
            [file] => /home/theotek/test-1.php
            [line] => 33
            [function] => b
            [args] => Array
                (
                )

        )

)

</raw>

So, the first member of the backtrace's array is not really surprising, except from the missing "file" and "line" members.

The second member of the backtrace seem the be a hook inside the zend engine that is used to trigger the error.

Other members are the normal backtrace.
email_php_28429 at wg-karlsruhe dot de
21-Feb-2006 02:52
if you cannot use php 5+ and if you do not know, when your administrator/provider will update to a newer php-version, this could be interesting. otherwise it surely is not. ;-)

if you use the example above "example 1: using error handling in a script" with a php version prior to php 5, the part

<?php
$errortype = array(
  // ...
  E_STRICT          => "Runtime Notice");?>

will throw a notice like
"Use of undefined constant E_STRICT - assumed 'E_STRICT'".

of course one could avoid this problem, with

<?php
if(defined('E_STRICT')) define('E_STRICT', 2048);
?>.

but this _could_ generate problems in future versions of php, if E_STRICT is set to 42 or something else.

for this reason i suggest

<?php
$errortype = array(
  E_ERROR           => 'error',
  E_WARNING         => 'warning',
  E_PARSE           => 'parsing error',
  E_NOTICE          => 'notice',
  E_CORE_ERROR      => 'core error',
  E_CORE_WARNING    => 'core warning',
  E_COMPILE_ERROR   => 'compile error',
  E_COMPILE_WARNING => 'compile warning',
  E_USER_ERROR      => 'user error',
  E_USER_WARNING    => 'user warning',
  E_USER_NOTICE     => 'user notice');
if(defined('E_STRICT'))
  $errortype[E_STRICT] = 'runtime notice';
?>.

<?php
// and instead of
// error_reporting(E_ALL | E_STRICT);
// one can use
error_reporting(E_ALL | (defined('E_STRICT')? E_STRICT : 0));
// to avoid that notice.
?>

prosit
seth
tracerdx at tracerdx dot com
29-Nov-2005 12:46
I keep seeing qualification lists for error types/error-nums as arrays; In user notes and in the manual itself. For example, in this manual entry's example, when trying to seperate behavior for the variable trace in the error report:

<?php //...

// set of errors for which a var trace will be saved
$user_errors = array(E_USER_ERROR, E_USER_WARNING, E_USER_NOTICE);

//and later...

if (in_array($errno, $user_errors)) {
    //...whatever
}

//... ?>

I was under the impression that PHP error code values where bitwise flag values. Wouldn't bitwise masking be better? So I propose a slightly better way:
<?php //...

$user_errors = E_USER_ERROR | E_USER_WARNING | E_USER_NOTICE;

//...blah...

if ($errno & $user_errors) {
    //...whatever
}

//... ?>
Or for those of you who don't like the idea of using an integer as the condition in an if statement:

<?php
if (($errno & $user_errors) > 0) {
    //...whatever
}
?>

I think that's much more efficient than using _yet another_ array() constuct and an in_array().

If I am wrong, and the E_* constants aren't supposed to be used in this fashion (ie, the constans aren't guaranteed to be bitwise, which would be odd since that's how they're setup in the php.ini file), then delete me. I just don't see why one should be using arrays when bitwise comparisons will work, considering the bitwise method should be MUCH more efficient.
giunta dot gaetano at sea-aeroportimilano dot it
23-Jun-2005 04:03
Something to take care of: if track_errors is enabled, $php_errormsg will always be populated with error messages of warning (and possibly notice?) level, regardless of the error_reporting level set.
21-May-2005 06:20
When configuring your error log file in php.ini, you can use an absolute path or a relative path.  A relative path will be resolved based on the location of the generating script, and you'll get a log file in each directory you have scripts in.  If you want all your error messages to go to the same file, use an absolute path to the file.

In some application development methodologies, there is the concept of an application root directory, indicated by "/" (even on Windows).  However, PHP does not seem to have this concept, and using a "/" as the initial character in a log file path produces weird behavior on Windows.

If you are running on Windows and have set, in php.ini:

  error_log = "/php_error.log"

You will get some, but not all, error messages.  The file will appear at

  c:\php_error.log

and contain internally generated error messages, making it appear that error logging is working.  However, log messages requested by error_log() do NOT appear here, or anywhere else, making it appear that the code containing them did not get processed.

Apparently on Windows the internally generated errors will interpret "/" as "C:\" (or possibly a different drive if you have Windows installed elsewhere - I haven't tested this).  However, the error_log process apparently can't find "/" - understandably enough - and the message is dropped silently.
shawing at gmail dot com
28-Jan-2005 05:05
Although the root user writes to the files 'error_log' and 'access_log', the Apache user has to own the file referenced by 'error_log = filename' or no log entries will be written.

; From php.ini
; Log errors to specified file.
error_log = /usr/local/apache/logs/php.errors

[root@www logs]$ ls -l /usr/local/apache/logs/php.errors
-rw-r--r--    1 nobody   root          27K Jan 27 16:58 php.errors
omega172 at yahoo dot com
22-Sep-2004 03:01
As pointed out previously, PHP by default logs to the Apache ErrorLog.

Beware: the messages it logs do not conform to Apache's error log format (missing date and severity fields), so if you use an automated parser on your error logs, you'll want to redirect PHP's errors somewhere else with the error_log directive.
ptah at se dot linux dot org
10-Sep-2004 07:20
PHP5 only (only tested with php5.0).

If you, for some reason, prefer exceptions over errors and have your custom error handler (set_error_handler) wrap the error into an exception you have to be careful with your script.

Because if you, instead of just calling the exception handler, throws the exception, and having a custom exception handler (set_exception_handler). And an error is being triggered inside that exception handler, you will get a weird error:
"Fatal error: Exception thrown without a stack frame in Unknown on line 0"

This error is not particulary informative, is it? :)

This example below will cause this error.
<?php
class PHPErrorException extends Exception
{
    private $context = null;
    public function __construct
        ($code, $message, $file, $line, $context = null)
    {
        parent::__construct($message, $code);
        $this->file = $file;
        $this->line = $line;
        $this->context = $context;
    }
};

function error_handler($code, $message, $file, $line) {
    throw new PHPErrorException($code, $message, $file, $line);
}

function exception_handler(Exception $e)
{   
    $errors = array(
        E_USER_ERROR        => "User Error",
        E_USER_WARNING        => "User Warning",
        E_USER_NOTICE        => "User Notice",
        );
       
    echo $errors[$e->getCode()].': '.$e->getMessage().' in '.$e->getFile().
        ' on line '.$e->getLine()."\n";
    echo $e->getTraceAsString();
}

set_error_handler('error_handler');
set_exception_handler('exception_handler');

// Throw exception with an /unkown/ error code.
throw new Exception('foo', 0);
?>

There are however, easy fix for this as it's only cause is sloppy code.
Like one, directly call exception_handler from error_handler instead of throwing an exception. Not only does it remedy this problem, but it's also faster. Though this will cause a `regular` unhandled exception being printed and if only "designed" error messages are intended, this is not the ultimate solution.

So, what is there to do? Make sure the code in exception_handlers doesn't cause any errors! In this case a simple isset() would have solved it.

regards, C-A B.
pgerzsonr at freestart dot hu
11-Jan-2002 11:03
A handy errorhandler class can be found at:

http://phpclasses.upperdesign.com/browse.html/package/345

It has several enhancements (report layouts):

* prints the source code fragment where the error encountered,
* prints variable context around error source,
* suppresses error-messages, instead displays an arbitrary HTML or PHP page
* logging to multiple targets and autodetecting target logging
* error messages can be displayed in a separate browser window
* catching errors for runtime generated codes
* debugging variables.
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debug_backtrace> <Error Handling
Last updated: Fri, 10 Oct 2008
 
 
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